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Muchos de nosotros hemos oído de Portugal o de algunos de sus vinos, quizás los hemos probado y han sido una agradable sorpresa, sobre todo uno de sus máximos exponentes: Un vino licoroso, con un alcohol elevado, que se toma frío o al tiempo, dulce en boca y con notas de frutos secos en la nariz, ¿Saben de cual hablo? El Oporto. Gracias a este vino encabezado, casi todo el mundo relaciona a Portugal como productor de vino, pero Portugal es mucho más que eso.

Porto

Desde su geografía, hasta la forma de sus viñedos todo es diferente en Portugal, ellos fueron los primeros en reglamentar la forma de hacer un vino, tuvieron que aprender a sembrar en las laderas de los montes, llamadas “terrazas”, fortificar o encabezar sus vinos (agregar alcohol) y hasta calentar  o “cocer” el vino para darle un toque distintivo, es por esto que Portugal se reveló a sus vecinos orgullosos y vanidosos, de grandes nombres, clasificaciones y considerados los vinos por excelencia del Viejo Mundo: España. Francia, Italia y Alemania.

Vineyards Portugal

Esta rebeldía en la forma de hacer crecer la vid y trabajarla, le ha otorgado a Portugal un honroso 6to lugar en exportación mundial y con vinos tan especiales como el J.S. Terrantez un Madeira portugués de $8,600.00 dólares o el W&J Graham's Tawny de $7000.00 dólares…precios muy respetables dentro del mercado internacional. 

Es así, como Portugal tiene uvas únicas para la elaboración de sus vinos:

Uvas Blancas: Albariño, Arinto, Loureiro y María Gómes.

Uvas Tintas: Baga, Castelao Francés, Ramisco, Touriga Nacional y Tinta Roriz.

Las regiones de Portugal se dividen por 2 ríos importantes del país: el Tajo y el Douro (el Duero español) con las zon

Vinho Verde

Vino blanco o tinto que en su nombre “Verde” no habla directamente del color que tiene, sino a la referencia de que deben de tomarse jóvenes, con toda la frutalidad y acidez, e incluso con “la aguja” o efervescencia del vino.

Oport

Como mencionamos al principio, el Oporto es quizás el vino más afamado de Portugal, ¿Por qué es así? Por la fama adquirida gracias a su gusto dulce, a que se exportó a Inglaterra, a que fue el primer vino en el mundo con una legislación que regía su elaboración (1758) y a que produce vinos con una gran y longeva capacidad de guarda ¡Inclusive hasta 40 años!, además de que pueden ser blancos o tintos.

Oporto Styles

De manera general, cuando son recién elaborados, todos los oportos son “Ruby”, en referencia a su color, un rojo intenso y diáfano. Estos “Ruby” envejecidos en pipas (toneles de madera de 600 litros) durante varios años, pierden color y se convierten en “Tawny” el otro estilo de Oporto.

Wine Aging

Las Categorías de Ruby
  • Ruby: Oporto tinto sometido a crianza de 3 años en pipa.
  • Late Bottled Vintage (LBV): Oporto con añada y crianza en pipa durante un período de 4 a 6 años.
  • Crusted: Mezcla de oportos que tienen más de 4 años de guarda en botella. Son Oportos sin filtrar, es decir tienen sedimentación que en inglés es crust, de ahí su nombre.
  • Single Quinta: Oporto de añada procedente de una sóla finca, con crianza de 2 años en pipa.
  • Vintage: Oporto de una añada excepcional. Se declara un “vintage” 2 años después de la vendimia, cuando el oporto mejora y presenta todas las características necesarias para tener un largo potencial de guarda en botella.

Las Categorías de Tawny 

  • Tawny: Oporto con crianza en pipa durante 5 años y que ha perdido su color "ruby".
  • Viejos tawnies: “Tawnies” de 10 años, 20 años, 30 años, 40 años de edad. Estos nombres se refieren siempre a una combinación de tawnies añejos. La mezcla contiene “tawnies” más jóvenes y “tawnies” más añejos, en diferentes proporciones.
  • Colheita tawnies: “Tawnies” que han sido elaborados de una sóla cosecha con crianza en pipa, desde la fecha que figura en la etiqueta (al menos 7 años).
  • El oporto blanco (Porto Branco): Se produce con cepas blancas y su proceso de elaboración es complejo. El oporto blanco puede ser muy seco cuando el fortificado (agregado de alcohol) es tardío, pero generalmente es dulce.

Madeira

La isla de Madeira es famosa por sus vinos fortificados. Situada a 600 km al oeste de Casablanca, en el océano Atlántico. Madeira da nombre al único vino del mundo que se produce en un horno, los vinos se someten a un calentamiento ya sea en hornos o a través de conductos a alta temperatura inmersos en los tanques. Esta práctica continúa hasta nuestros días y se denomina "estufagem" (de la palabra portuguesa estufa), Y te preguntarás ¿Por qué hacen este procedimiento? Porque el vino cocido toma un gusto muy especial y distintivo que marca la categoría Madeira de sus vinos y es por ello que es tan amado en Portugal y además muy utilizado en su gastronomía.

La cocción confiere aromas de tostado a un vino que originalmente es muy ácido, lo cual, además permite su conservación por muy largo tiempo. Los vinos de Madeira son famosos por sus cosechas antiguas, estando aín disponibles vinos de los siglos XVII y XVIII.

Bodegas Destacadas: 

  • Graham's 20 Years Tawny. Graham's
  • Justino’s Madeira
  • Sandeman Imperial Réserve. Sandeman
  • Niepoort Tawny. Niepoort
  • Noval Fine Ruby. Quinta do Noval
  • Maison Henriques & Henriques Madeira
  • Quinta do Noval Tawny. Quinta do Noval
  • Fonseca Port
  • Graham’s
  • Taylor´s Gate
  • Ferreira Branco Lágrima
  • Sandeman Reserva

Disfrutemos de los vinos de la “Rebelde” Portugal, ¡Existen para todos los gustos! 

¡Salud…y Puros Vinazos!

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