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Hablar de la región de Rhone es hablar de un lugar lleno de historia, una región que fue la sede del Papado en algún tiempo y el reino de 2 uvas que se asentaron en este territorio: la Syrah y la Grenache.

La zona está situada al sur de Francia, primero fue de dominio romano, y pasó hasta el siglo XVIII sin prestarle atención a sus vinos. Rhone entonces se dividió en dos regiones perfectamente distinguibles: Región Norte y Región Sur. Ambas regiones se caracterizan por suelos, climas y tipos de vino.¡Vamos a conocerlas!

Norte de Côtes-du-Rhône: El Reino de la Syrah

  • El clima es mucho más fresco y continental.
  • Las vides tienen, por este clima, un menor rendimiento y por lo tanto, menor producción que la región Sur.
  • Mayor elaboración de monovarietales: Vinos de una sola uva o con por lo menos 80% de ella (predominando la uva Syrah) y uso frecuente de la blanca Viognier para mezclas. Aquí la uva blanca se mezcla con las tintas para producir excelentes vinos.
  • Pueden presumir de producir vinos de gran calidad y prestigio como Côte-Rôtie, Hermitage, Crozes Hermitage.
  • Las otras uvas permitidas: Mourvèdre, Cinsault y Carignan en tintas y Marsanne, Roussanne, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Counoise y Bourboulenc.

Sur de Côtes-du-Rhône: El Reino de la Grenache

  • Terrenos con más planicies y valles que la región norte.
  • No son comunes los monovarietales, tradicionalmente elaboran vinos como mezclas o coupages, utilizan variedades distintas que en el norte: Grenache, Mourvèdre, Cinsault.
  • La denominación Côtes-du-Rhône es genérica, es decir, se utiliza para nombrar cualquier vino que se produce en la región, que se centra en la zona sur.
  • Pueden presumir de una denominación de gran reputación: Châteneauf-du-Pape.

 

Hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XX, Rhône alcanza el prestigio que tiene hoy en día, todo en base al auge y desarrollo de las variedades de Syrah y la Grenache, que en estas zonas alcanzan sus máximas expresiones mundiales. La revolución francesa triunfó en estas tierras y por ello, es más habitual encontrar “Domaines” que “Chateaux” salvo en Châteauneuf-du-Pape, donde hay propiedades anteriores a la Revolución Francesa.

Dentro de las más afamadas zonas podemos encontrar:

  • Châteauneuf-du-Pape
  • Hermitage

Comencemos a conocerlas y a entender su importancia:

Châteauneuf-du-Pape

Literalmente significa “El Castillo Nuevo del Papa”, recordemos que entre 1309 y 1379, el papado abandonó Roma y se instaló en Aviñón en las llanuras del Valle del Ródano, por medio del Papa Clemente V que era arzobispo de Burdeos y obviamente amante de los grandes vinos de esa región . Durante esos 70 años de presencia papal, se dejó una herencia basta y rica de producción de vinos, con una economía sana y con cierta fama de los “Vinos del Papa” que fueron la característica de esta zona. Con el Papa francés Juan XXII se llegaron a consumir hasta 3 mil litros anuales y gracias a esta influencia, se inventó la botella de vidrio para contener el vino con un sello especial en el cuello con “Las llaves del Cielo”, escudo de armas del papado sustituyendo al barril para la comercialización del vino, además que se establecieron las bases para la reglamentación en la fabricación del vino, lo que fue la pauta para crear las las AOC de Francia o las Denominaciones de Origen del mundo. La Grenache (Garnacha) es la uva rey de estos vinos, aunque le acompañan también la Cinsault, Counoise, Muscardin, Vaccarese y Picapol Negra. De los buenos Châteauneuf-du-Pape, podemos encontrar vinos que van desde los $400.00 hasta los $2,000.00 dólares (www.wine-searcher.com). Son vinos en general de alta gama y de culto, se recomienda que descansen en botella entre 5 y 6 años antes de abrirse, y conviene el uso de decantador.cotes du rhone grape

Bodegas más reconocidas:

  • Domaine de Beaucastel de Perrin: el cual usaba hasta hace unos años un método de vinificación en sus tientos, algo singular pues calentaban el mosto con vapor de agua a 80 º, al salir de la estrujadora para favorecer de este modo la extracción de color y taninos.
  • Domaine de la Janasse de Christophe Sabon
  • Château Rayas
  • Domaine de la Vieille Julienne
  • Domaine du Vieux Télégraphe
  • Château La Nerthe

Hermitage

La zona del Hermitage está bordeada al norte por los viñedos de Crozes-Hermitage. Su nombre viene de una antigua Ermita construida en 1224 por un cruzado que la utilizó como pago de su penitencia. Se volvió ermitaño y de ahí el nombre de la zona. Estas vides se encuentran en zonas más planas y con una exposición solar muy basta siendo el rey, en proporción, la Syrah. El prestigio del vino del hermitage  se remonta  al siglo XVII, cuando era un vino oficial en las cortes francesas del rey Luis XIII y su sucesor Luis XIV, el "Rey Sol" conocido como el “Vin du Roi”. No sólo el vino preferido de los monarcas, también se utilizó como un regalo para visitar dignatarios y la realeza extranjera. No menos famoso y distinguido el vino del Hermitage ganó aficionados en la realeza inglesa y el alto estatus del vino permaneció intacto durante dos siglos. El cenit del vino se alcanzó a mediados del siglo XIX. Antes de que el nombre "Hermitage" recibiera protección de una AOC (Denominación de Origen) legal internacional, era utilizado por bodegas de varias regiones del mundo, pues era sinónimo de un vino de altísima  calidad. Como ejemplo, el australiano “Penfolds Bin 95 Grange” que fue etiquetado como 'Grange Hermitage' hasta 1989. Como ejemplo de su categoría, un Ermitage “Cuvée Cathelin” del Domaine de Jean-Louis Chave tiene un precio en el mercado en este  2021 de $9,700.00 dólares (www.wine-searcher.com).cotes du rhone Vineyards

Del Hermitage también viene el famosísimo "Vins de paille" (vinos de paja) – vinos blancos dulces elaborados con uvas Marsanne y Roussanne que se han secado al sol sobre tapetes de paja hasta que la uva llega a pacificarse y concentrar alta cantidad de azúcar. Su precio es alto debido a los procesos de vinificación, pero bien valen la pena pues son opulentos, con sabor dulce, complejo y muy longevos.

Bodegas distinguidas:

  • Gérard Chave
  • Michael Chapoutier
  • Jean-Louis Grippat
  • Marcel Guigal
  • Paul Jaboulet Aîné
  • Marc Sorrel

Definitivamente un vino de Côtes-du-Rhône jamás te hará quedar mal ¡Hasta el Papado lo recomienda!   

¡Salud…y Puros Vinazos!

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