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Crème de la crème de los Vinos de Burdeos

Los primeros crus de Burdeos son algunos de los vinos más buscados en el mundo y tienen algunos de los precios más altos. Cuando se piensa en lo grande que es Burdeos (casi 5 veces más que Napa) y en los pocos productores que lograron este codiciado estatus (sólo 5), estos precios comienzan a tener un poco más de sentido.

First Growth Bordeaux

No puedes empezar a hablar de los primeros crus sin entender primero qué es lo que los hizo tener esa categoría. El término "Primer Cru", proviene del “Premier Crus” (primer viñedo) en francés, que se traduce precisamente en eso. Este estatus fue otorgado a sólo cuatro Châteaux en 1855, cuando el emperador Napoleón III quería mostrar lo que Burdeos tenía que ofrecer en la Exposición de París a finales de ese año. Con el fin de destacar a los mejores productores, un grupo de comerciantes llamado el Sindicato de Cortiers se encargó de la clasificación de los Châteaux.

Se les ocurrió crear un sistema de clasificación, que se basaba en los precios en que los cortiers eran capaces de vender los vinos, con el Primer Cru siendo el más caro y el Quinto Cru siendo el más asequible de los Châteaux clasificados. La idea era que, cuanto más la gente estaba dispuesta a pagar por cualquier vino de un Château, mayor era la calidad del mismo. Curiosamente, los châteaux que se incluyeron en el sistema de clasificación se encontraban únicamente situados en la orilla izquierda de Burdeos. No había productores de Saint-Emilion, ni de Pomerol incluidos. De los cinco Châteaux actuales, sólo uno no fue incluido en la clasificación original, Château Mouton Rothschild. Notoriamente rechazada en los rankings originales, la bodega pasó casi 120 años demostrando que era digna de un lugar de Primer Cru. En 1973 fue finalmente promovido a Primer Cru, convirtiéndolo en una minoría muy pequeña de Châteaux promovidos.

¿Cuáles son los Primeros Crus?

Château Latour

PauillacChâteau Latour toma su nombre de la torre que reside en la propiedad. La torre original fue construida durante la guerra de los cien años, para defender el estuario del Gironda. La torre original cayó en batalla, y desde entonces ha sido reconstruida en el mismo lugar para albergar las palomas de la finca. Desde la cosecha 2012, Château Latour ya no participa en la campaña del perenne Primer Cru. Desde entonces, el Château ha decidido permitir que sus vinos descansen en una vitrina apropiada para beberlos antes de liberarlos. Château Latour sólo utiliza viñas viejas para el vino Grand Vin o Premium. Por otro lado, el Château ha restringido el uso de las uvas originales de la finca fundada en 1759. Toda la fruta que se cultiva fuera de los recintos del castillo se utiliza para los otros dos vinos: 'Les Fort de Latour' y 'Pauillac de Château Latour'.

Château Margaux

Chateau Margaux

Château Margaux tiene una larga historia, uno de los propietarios fue incluso decapitado por la guillotina en la Revolución Francesa. La finca está actualmente mejor que nunca, produciendo el que es probablemente el mejor vino que ha producido. La bodega incluso tiene una tonelería en donde hace todas las barricas utilizadas en el envejecimiento del vino. Margaux produce tres vinos tintos y un solo vino blanco que se vende como un AOC de Burdeos genérico porque el vino blanco no está permitido dentro de la denominación Margaux. Sin embargo, la descalcificación de este vino blanco no debe engañarte, el Pavillon Blanc de Château Margaux es delicioso y tiene un costo alto. 

Château Lafite Rothschild

Rothschild

Château Lafite ha sido incluido regularmente en el TOP de la lista de los críticos a lo largo de la historia. Incluso conserva el récord de vinos de mayor precio en Burdeos a mediados de los 1800’s, debido a su éxito comercial. Al igual que los otros Primeros Crus, Lafite tiene una edad mínima muy estricta para vendimiar la uva para el vino Premium del Châteaux. Esto da una edad media de la vid de 45 años en el Grand Vin, con la parcelas de casi 140 años de edad. La casa fermenta las uvas como lotes independientes para tener un amplio control sobre la mezcla final tanto como sea posible.

Château Haut Brion

Château Haut Brion es un Primer Cru único pues se encuentra fuera del Medoc. Haut Brion se localiza en Graves dentro de la denominación de Pessac-Léognan, situada a unos 30 minutos al oeste de la ciudad de Burdeos. Los vinos producidos en esta finca fueron en realidad unos de los primeros en ser importados a los Estados Unidos. Thomas Jeffereson disfrutó tanto del vino que mandó cajas a Monticello. Históricamente, Haut Brion ha estado a la vanguardia de las mejoras en el viñedo y en el castillo. Fue uno de los primeros en incluir cubas de fermentación de acero, realizar  la selección clonal en el viñedo e incluso incorporar electricidad en el Château.

Château Mouton Rothschild

Château Mouton Rothschild no fue incluido originalmente en los Primeros Crus de Burdeos, la finca ha gastado una gran parte de su historia para compensar ese hecho. Mouton fue el primer productor en realizar realmente todo el proceso de elaboración del vino dentro de la propiedad, en Burdeos. El Château embotelló el vino a partir de 1924. Antes de este embotellamiento de la finca, los Châteaux vendía el vino a los negociantes en barricas, dejando mucho espacio para la inconsistencia en sabores y calidad. Mouton también ofrece algunas de las botellas más bonitas de Burdeos, con un nuevo artista encargado para cada cosecha, que diseña el arte de la etiqueta año con año.

Los Primeros Crus en La Actualidad

A través de la tumultuosa historia de Francia, de alguna manera estos excelentes Châteaux todavía son capaces de producir vino mejor que nunca. Recibiendo elogios de la crítica año tras año, es difícil negar que estos son los mejores Châteaux de todo Burdeos. Y no son sólo los críticos los que están promocionando la grandeza de estos vinos. Celebridades enamoradas del vino como Lebron James, Jay-Z y DJ Khaled, regularmente publican fotos de botellas de los Primeros Crus en sus feeds de Instagram. Son referenciados regularmente en la cultura pop como una forma de representar a la alta sociedad.  Parece que el destino final para los vinos Primeros Crus es ser los pilares centrales de la cava, los mejores lugares de facturación en las listas de vinos con estrellas Michelin e inmortalizados en las redes sociales de aquellos que tienen la suerte de probarlos.

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